India’s medium- and heavy-duty freight sector is entering a critical phase of electrification, with battery swapping and fast charging emerging as the two leading pathways for zero-emission trucking. This strategic report provides a data-driven comparison of both models across technical feasibility, total cost of ownership (TCO), infrastructure requirements, operational efficiency, and scalability for applications such as long-haul trucking, drayage, tippers, and inter-city freight. Covering market sizing, OEM landscape, financing models, grid impact, emissions, policy outlook, and global benchmarks from China, the EU, and the US, the report is designed to help OEMs, logistics operators, infrastructure providers, investors, and policymakers make informed decisions in the evolving freight electrification ecosystem.